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<i>Artemisia anomala</i> extracts enhance the viability and antioxidation capacity of human keratinocytes
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the effect of extracts of Artemisia anomala S. Moore tissues on viability, apoptosis and antioxidant capacity of human keratinocytes.
Methods: Human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT were treated with extracts of A. anomala for 12 h or 24 h. Cell viability, level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and incidence of apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry. Levels of mRNA and key proteins in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway were determined by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Key proteins of caspase pathways were assessed by western blot. The influence of the extract on the MAPK pathway was further probed by treating cells with MAPK activator in the presence and absence of the extract.
Results: Treatment of cells with extracts of A. anomala enhanced viability and reduced apoptosis in a time-dependent manner, and increased ROS level, compared with control. mRNA and protein expressions of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK), and p38 MAPK decreased in extract-treated cells. The extracts also reversed the inhibitory effects of the MAPK pathway activator, actinomycin, on cell viability and ROS, and inhibited protein-cleaved caspase-8 and cleaved caspase-3.
Conclusion: A. anomala extract increases cell viability and antioxidant capacity via inactivation of MAPK pathway, and also inhibits cell apoptosis via inactivation of caspase pathways. Hence, the extract may serve as a promising drug for the treatment of psoriasis.
Keywords: Artemisia anomala, MAPK pathway, Anti-oxidation, Keratinocyte, Psoriasis
