An Exceptional Presentation of “Watermelon Stomach” in a 30- Year-Old Cirrhotic Male

Abstract

Gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) is an unusual cause of chronic upper gastrointestinal bleeding commonly described in elderly females, with  associated autoimmune diseases, and in cirrhotic males. The entity is characterized by angioectasia in the pyloric antrum, giving its classic streaky  “watermelon stripe” appearance. This report highlights the rare presentation of a 30-year-old male with liver cirrhosis, who presented with anemia and  fatigability. Diagnosis of GAVE was made using endoscopy, and trials of argon plasma coagulation were administered. Following this, an antrectomy was  performed since there was a further drop in hemoglobin. The patient made a full recovery with no subsequent dependence on blood transfusions. GAVE can be mistakenly underdiagnosed as a treatable cause of occult gastrointestinal bleeding. This report mandates caution on endoscopy for younger  patients with an upper gastrointestinal bleed while taking other more common causes of gastrointestinal bleeding (peptic ulcers, esophageal varices,  and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAID]-induced gastritis) into account.