Factors influencing persistence of violence against children in Mjini Magharibi “B” District, Zanzibar, Tanzania

Abstract

This study examined the socio-economic factors influencing child violence at Mwanakwerekwe Shehia in Zanzibar. The study was guided by social learning theory and the social ecological model. A cross-sectional research design was utilized to gather data from 90 household heads (respondents) via interviews, focus group discussions, and documentary reviews. Respondents were selected randomly using simple random sampling from a population of 1,226, including all parents or guardians in Mwanakwerekwe Shehia. In addition, key informants such as community leaders were selected by purposive sampling. Descriptive statistical methods were used to analyze the demographic characteristics of respondents, and inferential analysis (multiple linear regression) was employed to examine socio-economic factors that influence the persistence of violence against children. The study observed that the socio-economic factors influencing violence against children (VAC) were household income (p = 0.007), child disability (p = 0.003), marital status of parents (p = 0.002), parental emotional bond level (p = 0.000), exposure to violent environments (p = 0.001), and uncontrolled media use (p = 0.042). These findings indicate that there is a statistically significant relationship between all the mentioned variables and violence against children in Zanzibar. To reduce child violence, the study recommends that the government should strengthen social support systems to provide support to families for their necessary needs. In addition, local government authorities should enhance awareness campaigns to raise awareness about the rights of children and the harmful effects of violence. Moreover, the government should strengthen law enforcement mechanisms to protect child rights and establish a clear mechanism for reporting and addressing violence.