A mixture of Bisphenol-A analogues elicits neuro-hepatic dysfunction in female rat model

Abstract

Background: Bisphenol-A is important in the industry; it enhances rigidity of products.           However, its numerous toxicities have been established, hence a shift to its analogues.         Objectives: The impact of varying concentrations of Bisphenols-B, F and S mixture on      hepatic function and neuronal cell integrity was assessed. Methods: Forty-two female rats were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 6). Group 1 served as control and received olive oil only. Groups 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 were administered 12, 24, 48, 96, 192 and 384 µg of        Bisphenol-B, Bisphenol-F and Bisphenol-S mixture per kg body weight respectively.         Exposure lasted for forty-nine days. Results: Exposure to the Bisphenol-A analogues mixture for forty-nine days increased hepatic oxidative stress in dose- dependent manner via elevation of MDA (53% - 232%), depletion of GSH (27.3% to 63.6%), and inhibition of the activities of GST (75% to 87.5%), SOD (0.05%) and CAT (up to 90%). These culminated in liver dysfunction evident by increase in serum ALT (53.6% - 783.5%) and AST (241% - 1,013%) coupled with hepatic energy deficiency as a result of decreased LDH activity  (14.9% - 58.2%). Histological examination of the liver corroborates our findings with signs of degeneration at 192 and 384 µg/kg body weight. Histopathological examinations of the hippocampus, cortex and striatum reveal degeneration at 24 µg for striatum, 48 µg for cortex and 96 µg for hippocampus. Conclusion: Our results suggest that increasing exposure to Bisphenol-A analogues mixture increases risks of liver dysfunction and neuronal impairment.