Climate change and its effects on plant pathogen evolution: systematic review

Abstract

Climate change is profoundly impacting plant health through its influence on pathogen evolution, leading to increased risks for agricultural productivity and food security. This systematic review synthesizes existing literature on the effects of climate change on plant pathogens, focusing on key areas such as pathogen reproduction rates, shifts in distribution and host range, fungicide resistance, and changes in virulence. The findings indicate that rising temperatures and altered precipitation patterns enhance pathogen growth and reproduction, facilitate the emergence of new virulent strains, and disrupt host-pathogen interactions. These changes pose significant threats to crop yields, with projections suggesting declines of up to 20% in staple crops by 2050. The review highlights critical research gaps, including the need for effective adaptation strategies and interdisciplinary approaches to address the socio-economic dimensions of climate impacts on agriculture. Recommendations include enhancing monitoring systems for early detection of emerging pathogens, investing in research on resilient crop varieties, and fostering community engagement in developing context-specific solutions. Policymakers are urged to prioritize sustainable agricultural practices that consider climate change impacts, ensuring food security for vulnerable populations.