Environmental impact of artisanal gold mining in Nigeria: a review

Abstract

It is a known fact that artisanal gold mining (AGM) benefits poor farming communities in Nigeria, and its uncontrolled expansion has become a serious threat to the environmental and public health. This review intends to examine the main environmental issues connected to AGM in Zamfara and Niger states including places where most mining is not regulated. By reviewing case studies, and existing literatures, the study discovers the chief pathways that result in ecological damage, including deforestation, soil erosion, contamination from mercury and lead, air pollution and a loss of biodiversity. This study has found that health problems are greatly increased for women and children due to dangerous mining processes. An inconsistency in law enforcement occurs due to internal issues within government bodies and a shortage of personnel involved in the process. Based on this review, formalizing AGM, using mercury-free equipment, enacting strict environmental laws and involving communities are all urgent priorities.