Effect and minimization of odour generated from poultry industries in Osun State, Nigeria

Abstract

Poultry farming, while crucial for food security, often generates significant environmental pollution, impacting both human health and ecosystems. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between poultry waste management practices, the resulting odor, and their effects on human health and the environment. Specifically, the study aimed to assess knowledge and perceptions of poultry farmers regarding odor management and to measure the environmental pollutants associated with poultry farming. A cross-sectional descriptive research design was employed, using a structured questionnaire administered to 192 poultry farmers, farm workers, and nearby residents. Additionally, water, soil, and air samples were collected from farm surroundings for laboratory analysis to measure pollutants such as ammonia, nitrogen, phosphorus, and pathogenic microorganisms. Descriptive
statistics and chi-square tests were performed using SPSS22 to analyze the data. The study found that the majority of respondents were male (76.5%), with significant variation across local government areas (p=0.039). Most respondents were aged 36-45 years (34.2%), with significant age-related differences (p=0.002). Married individuals constituted 89.5% of the sample, showing significant variation (p=0.030). Tertiary education was reported by 44.7% of respondents, though this was not statistically significant (p=0.066). Also, the most common odor reduction technique was aluminum sulfate (90 users for ammonia), with significant differences in effectiveness (p<0.05). The rake, shovel, and trowel were used by 71.1% of respondents, with no significant association between equipment and bird management systems (χ²=12.016, p=0.062). Composting was the most common disposal method (44.7%), with a significant association with management systems (χ²=118.479, p=0.001). 64.5% of respondents aware of pollution were members of poultry establishments, showing a significant association (χ²=7.748, p=0.021). Moderate positive correlations were found between environmental impacts and biological health hazards (ρ=0.405, p=0.012). Physical health hazards showed a significant correlation with environmental impact (ρ=0.335, p=0.040). The study highlights significant relationships between poultry waste management practices and environmental pollution. Effective waste disposal methods and increased awareness among poultry farmers are crucial for mitigating adverse health and environmental impacts. The findings emphasize the need for improved management strategies and educational initiatives to address pollution from poultry industries.