Multi-Level Governance Capacity for Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change in South-East Nigeria

Abstract

This study assessed multi-level governance (MLG) capacity for agricultural adaptation to climate change in South-East Nigeria, focusing on stakeholder collaboration and institutional capabilities. Using multi-stage sampling, 92 respondents, including farmers, extension agents, academics, and government officials, were selected from Abia and Enugu States. Qualitative data were gathered through the use of Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) and Focus Group Discussions (FGD), while a validated semi-structured questionnaire collected quantitative data. Data analysis employed frequency counts, percentages, mean scores, and principal component analysis. Results showed that 66.7% of respondents were unaware of MLG structures, and 100% reported no linkages with Community-Based Organisations (CBOs) or Civil Society Organisations (CSOs). Only 20% of university actors noted institutional collaborations on climate change research, with 66.7% relying on personal funds for research and outreach. All respondents (100%) were aware of climate change causes and effects, but only 5% participated in policy discourse. Weak institutional funding and infrastructure limit effective adaptation. MLG for adapting agriculture to climate change requires an integrated response to building strong capacities of institutions, actors and individuals. The study recommends increased government funding, formal collaborative platforms, and community engagement to strengthen MLG for sustainable agricultural development in the region.