Effects of Insecurity on Rural Household Livelihoods in Kwara State, Nigeria

Abstract

This study assessed the effects of insecurity on rural household livelihood security in Kwara State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select 150 respondents from rural communities. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and analysed using percentages, Livelihood Security Index (LSI), and ordinary least squares regression. Kidnapping and abduction (36.62%) and killing of persons (23.34%) were the most prevalent forms of insecurity experienced by rural households. Among the livelihood outcomes assessed, the composite Livelihood Security Index showed moderate livelihood security, with Patigi Local Government Area recording the highest value (0.46) and Kaiama the lowest (0.39). Regression results showed livelihood security was negatively influenced by age (β = -0.002), household size (β = -0.009), and insecurity exposure (β = -0.041), while education (β = 0.015), farming experience (β = 0.023), monthly income (β = 0.003), and membership of associations (β = 0.025) had positive effects. Households adopted livelihood diversification, temporary migration, and informal support networks as coping strategies. Despite these activities, insecurity continues to undermine livelihood security and increase household vulnerability. The study recommends strengthened rural security measures and improved institutional support to stabilize rural livelihoods.