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A pilot study: The diversity and resistance profiles of mastitis-causing bacteria found in dairy goats within Manyatta in Embu County, Kenya
Abstract
Mastitis is a leading disease in dairy animals such as goats across the world. It is a unique disease because it can be caused by diverse types of bacteria. This study was carried out in Manyatta Sub-County in Embu County, a region where goat farming thrives. Farmers in Manyatta Sub-County have often been plagued by mastitis resulting in heavy financial losses and negatively impacting public health. The aim of this pilot study was to identify some of the common bacteria associated with mastitis in dairy goats within Manyatta Sub-County and testing their resistance profiles to generate preliminary data for combating mastitis in the region. A total of 17 goats representing the most common breed in the region were sampled for the study. Bacteria were isolated and identified using conventional culture method and 16S rRNA gene sequencing of DNA extracted from enriched broth cultures. Notably, culturing detected several Gram-positive bacteria that were absent in sequencing. Select resistance genes were screened through PCR. Some of the bacteria identified from the study include: Staphylococcus aureus, non-aureus Staphylococcus, Streptococcus uberis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp. Klebsiella, Aeromonas and Serratia spp. Among isolates identified by 16S rRNA sequencing of enriched cultures, Serratia spp. was the most frequently detected genus. Resistance genes detected include; blaSHV, aadA, tetA and tetE. The high levels of resistance observed highlights the severity of mastitis in Manyatta. Our results revealed several bacteria species were responsible for mastitis cases in Manyatta. The results also revealed some antibiotics were no longer effective in treatment of mastitis in Manyatta due to the high level of resistance developed. The data obtained suggests intensive research should be conducted to determine effective ways of controlling the infections while shelving ineffective antibiotics.
