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Evaluation phytosanitaire de varietes locales et de nouvelles varietes de tomate (<i>lycopersicum esculentum l.</i>) au Togo
Abstract
In the frame of the adaptability study of 20 tomato varieties to the West African ecological conditions; the phytosanitary behavior of these varieties was accessed in the comparison with 2 local varieties. The
major pests identified on the tomato plants were: whitefly, broad mites, fruitworm, aphis and leafhopper. The evaluation of their effects showed that only the attack of fruitworm was higher on local varieties than
the new varieties. Ten (10) new varieties have presented x level of resistance to viral disease as the local varieties on 1 to 5 notation scale. The assess of fungal diseases on plants showed that 16 new tomato varieties were susceptible to fusarium wilt than the local ones. Only one new variety was more resistant to early fungal blight caused by A. alternata than locales varieties. The assessment of bacterial diseases showed that 16 new varieties were as resistant as local varieties to bacterial spot on plants. All the varieties except one were resistant to bacterial wilt. In laboratory, in vitro isolation and characterization of the major pathogens from sampled disease symptoms allowed to purify and identify fungal isolates like F. oxysporum and A. alternata, then bacterial isolates like X. campestris pv. vesicatoria and P. syringae. The viral pathogens were not characterized.
major pests identified on the tomato plants were: whitefly, broad mites, fruitworm, aphis and leafhopper. The evaluation of their effects showed that only the attack of fruitworm was higher on local varieties than
the new varieties. Ten (10) new varieties have presented x level of resistance to viral disease as the local varieties on 1 to 5 notation scale. The assess of fungal diseases on plants showed that 16 new tomato varieties were susceptible to fusarium wilt than the local ones. Only one new variety was more resistant to early fungal blight caused by A. alternata than locales varieties. The assessment of bacterial diseases showed that 16 new varieties were as resistant as local varieties to bacterial spot on plants. All the varieties except one were resistant to bacterial wilt. In laboratory, in vitro isolation and characterization of the major pathogens from sampled disease symptoms allowed to purify and identify fungal isolates like F. oxysporum and A. alternata, then bacterial isolates like X. campestris pv. vesicatoria and P. syringae. The viral pathogens were not characterized.
