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Dec 31, 2025Keywords:
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Agroforestry Livelihood Impacts: Socio-Economics, Income Shares, and Farmer Perceptions in Nigeria's Ijaiye Forest Reserve
Abstract
This study examined the socio-economic characteristics, income dynamics and perceived benefits of agroforestry among smallholder farmers in Ijaiye Forest Reserve, Oyo State, Nigeria. Data were collected from 118 farmers using a multi-stage sampling technique and analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential tools. Results showed that a majority (72.9%) earned above ₦100,000 monthly, while agroforestry contributed between 1–20% of income for most respondents, indicating its role as a supplementary livelihood source. Farmers reported benefits such as employment generation (94.1%) and improved soil fertility (89.8%). Inferential analysis showed no significant relationship between selected socio-economic variables and agroforestry practice (p > 0.05), suggesting widespread participation across demographic groups. The study concludes that agroforestry contributes to livelihood diversification rather than being the primary income source.
