Tanzania’s Progress in Achieving Sustainable Development Goal 4: A Narrative Review of Challenges

Abstract

This study examined Tanzania’s progress toward Sustainable Development Goal 4, on quality education for all, and identified the challenges that may hinder the achievement of this goal by 2030. Data were obtained from reports and government documents, and previous studies were reviewed and analyzed using content analysis. The findings indicated that Tanzania has made notable progress, particularly in expanding access to education and improving student enrolment and completion rates at both primary and secondary school levels. However, shortages and uneven distribution of qualified teachers, particularly in rural and underserved areas, overcrowded classrooms, and inadequate learning facilities continue to undermine the quality of education. Furthermore, cultural norms and discriminatory practices, particularly those affecting girls and learners with disabilities, remain barriers to inclusive education. The study therefore recommends strengthening the learning environment and collaborating with other stakeholders to promote inclusive education.