Molecular Prevalence of Trypanosome Infections in Kachia Grazing Reserve of Kaduna State Nigeria

Abstract

African Animal Trypanosomosis (AAT) is a major factor limiting livestock productivity in large areas of humid and subhumid Africa. Astudy was conducted to estimate the prevalence of Trypanosomiasisin sheep and goats from Laduga, Kachia grazing reserve area of Kaduna State. Blood samples (5 ml) were randomly collected by venepuncture of the jugular vein, from 21 goats and 21 sheep of both sexes. The 42 blood samples were first screened by wet mount and samples were later analyzed by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using generic primers that amplified the internal transcribed spacer-1 (ITS-1) gene region of the 16S rRNAgene. Microscopic examination revealed only 2.4% prevalence for T. vivax and 0% for T. brucei, whereas the DNA-based technique revealed 19.0% and 2.4% prevalence for T. vivax and T. brucei infections respectively, with the overall prevalence being 21.4%. Samples from goats revealed 13.6% and 5.0% prevalence of T. vivax in male and female respectively, while 4.5% and 0% prevalence of T. brucei was observed in male and female respectively. Similarly, samples from sheep revealed 9.1% and 10.0% prevalence of T. vivax in males and females  respectively. Generally, the findings showed that tryponosomosis is more associated with males than females, there was however no significant different (P > 0.05). Furthermore, 23.8% and 19.0% prevalence was revealed by PCR in goats and sheep respectively. This shows that trypanosomiasis still exist and may worsen if not addressed properly in Kachia grazing reserve area of Kaduna State, and the use of microscopic evaluation alone might greatly underscore the prevalence rate.

Keywords: Trypanosomosis, molecular diagnosis, prevalence, sheep and goats, Nigeria