Epidemiological Profile of Health Problems of Street Children in the City of Bunia, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Abstract

Introduction

Street children live under extremely precarious conditions that adversely affect their health. In Bunia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, these children are particularly vulnerable due to factors like conflict, poverty, abuse, and lack of healthcare, yet limited data exist on the epidemiological profile of their health issues.

Purpose

This study aims to describe the epidemiological profile of health problems among street children in the city of Bunia, identifying associated risk factors and patterns of care.

Methods

A cross-sectional, descriptively correlational study was conducted using retrospective and prospective data from 104 street children treated between January and December 2024 at Rwankole Hospital Center and Bankoko Health Center. These children were referred by NGOs House of Grace (HOG) and Development Action Network (RAD). Data were collected using ODK software and analysed using SPSS.

Results

Among the 104 street children studied, 34.6% had infectious diseases. Most were male and aged 11–18. Key contributing factors included extreme poverty, lack of access to clean water and healthcare, and exposure to environmental hazards. Economic exploitation affected 59.6% of the children, while 38.5% had experienced violence and sexual abuse. Chronic stress and social isolation were also prevalent. Multivariate analysis identified sexual abuse, poor hygiene and healthcare access, chronic stress, and social isolation as significant predictors of infection. Despite these challenges, the recovery rate was 99%.

Conclusion

Street children in Bunia are disproportionately affected by infectious diseases driven by socio-environmental and psychological adversities. Interventions must address access to healthcare, social protection, mental health support, and targeted policy responses to improve their well-being.