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Blood cellular profile and severity of Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection in children on antiretroviral therapy southwest Nigeria Profil cellulaire sanguin et gravité de l'infection par le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine chez les enfants sous traitement antirétroviral dans le sud-ouest du Nigéria
S.O. Oninla
Abstract
Objective: To assess association between blood cellular elements and the severity of HIV infection in children on antiretroviral therapy.
Methodology: One hundred HIV-infected children aged 1-16 years attending Paediatric antiretroviral therapy clinic at UniOsun Teaching Hospital, Osogbo were studied. HIV severity in the study participants were determined using WHO HIV clinical staging, CD4 counts and HIV viral load, and related to the participants PCV, WBC, platelet concentration. The analyses of the data were done using SPSS, and the statistical significance was p<0.05.
Results: The prevalence of anaemia, leucopaenia and thrombocytopaenia were 48%, 16% and 13%, respectively. The mean PCV was significantly higher in the virally suppressed participants (p=0.013), with revalence of anaemia significantly higher among virally unsuppressed participants (p=0.003). Total WBC mean was significantly higher in the not-immunosuppressed participants than immunosuppressed, p=0.022. More immunosuppressed and advanced disease staged individuals had significantly lower WBC than their counterparts, p=0.036 and 0.018, respectively. Lymphocyte count mean was significantly higher in the not-immunosuppressed (p=0.005) than virally suppressed (p=0.034) participants.
Conclusions: Low PCV and WBC, especially lymphocytes, were associated with HIV advanced disease, and could be used in assessing and monitoring HIV infection severity and care in low-resource settings.
Objectif de l'étude : Évaluer l'association entre les éléments cellulaires sanguins et la gravité de l'infection par leVIH chez les enfants sous traitement antirétroviral.
Méthode de l'étude : Cent enfants infectés par le VIH âgés de 1 à 16 ans fréquentant la clinique de thérapie antirétrovirale pédiatrique de l'hôpital universitaire UniOsun d'Osogbo ont été étudiés. La gravité du VIH chez les participants à l'étude a été déterminée à l'aide du stade clinique du VIH de l'OMS, du nombre de CD4 et de la charge virale du VIH, et liée au PCV, au WBC et à la concentration plaquettaire des participants. Les analyses des données ont été effectuées à l'aide de SPSS et la signification statistique était de p < 0,05.
Résultat de l'étude : La prévalence de l'anémie, de la leucopénie et de la thrombocytopénie était respectivement de 48 %, 16 % et 13 %. Le PCV moyen était significativement plus élevé chez les participants dont la charge virale était supprimée (p = 0,013), la prévalence de l'anémie étant significativement plus élevée chez les participants dont la charge virale était non supprimée (p = 0,003). La moyenne totale de WBC était significativement plus élevée chez les participants non immunodéprimés que chez les participants immunodéprimés, p = 0,022. Français Les personnes
immunodéprimées et celles à un stade avancé de la maladie présentaient un nombre significativement plus faible de globules blancs que leurs homologues, p = 0,036 et 0,018, respectivement. Le nombre moyen de lymphocytes était significativement plus élevé chez les participants non immunodéprimés (p = 0,005) que chez les participants dont la charge virale était supprimée (p =0,034).
Conclusion : Un faible taux de PCV et de globules blancs, en particulier de lymphocytes, était associé à une maladie avancée du VIH et pourrait être utilisé pour évaluer et surveiller la gravité de l'infection par le VIH et les soins dans les milieux à faibles ressources.
