Challenges and adequacy of mental healthcare services: insights from the psychiatry department of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Shika-zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria

Abstract

The growing prevalence of mental health disorders in Nigeria underscores the need for effective and accessible psychiatric care services. This study examined the adequacy and challenges of mental healthcare delivery at the Psychiatry Department of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH), Zaria. A cross-sectional study design was adopted with a total sample size of 300 respondents determined using Roscoe’s rule of sample size determination. Data was collected through questionnaires administered to 150 inpatients with mild mental health symptoms, and 150 relatives accompanying patients to the hospital. Respondents were selected using multistage cluster sampling to ensure representativeness. In addition, three key informants- a Consultant Psychiatrist, a trainee Psychiatrist and a Psychiatric Nurse were purposively selected for expert insight into the system’s operational challenges. Findings revealed that 50.2% of respondents perceived mental health services at ABUTH as ‘somewhat effective.’ About 39.4% indicated that prescribed medications were partially adequate, often due to limited drug availability and inconsistent supply. However, 56.7% agreed that counselling and psychotherapy sessions were adequately provided, reflecting the commitment of mental health professionals despite resource constraints. Critical challenges identified include acute staffing shortages, high cost of psychiatric care, limited access to essential medications, stigmatisation of patients, and the impact of economic hardship on both patients and caregivers. These constraints collectively undermine treatment adherence and longterm recovery outcomes. The study recommends increased government and institutional funding to ensure consistent medication supply and improved facility resources. Recruitment and training of additional mental health professionals should be prioritised to address human resource shortages. Furthermore, public sensitisation and anti-stigma campaigns are necessary to encourage helpseeking behaviour. Integrating mental health services into primary healthcare and providing subsidies for treatment can enhance accessibility and affordability.