Toxicity Profile of Aqueous Leaves Extract of Vitis vinifera (Purple Grapes) on Wistar Albino Rats

Abstract

Many different diseases have been treated using Vitis vinifera leaves in traditional medicine. Despite their advantages, there haven't been many investigations on their possible toxicity. This work aimed to investigate the acute and sub-acute toxicological effects of Vitis vinifera leaf extract. Its phytochemical test indicated that the plant contains phytochemicals flavonoids, saponins, steroids and triterpenoids. The various classes of phytochemicals in the Vitis vinifera showed   the anti-microbial potency of the plant. The acute toxicity of this plant was assessed using Lorke’s method. The acute and sub –chronic toxicity tests of Vitis vinifera aqueous extract presented oral LD₅₀ of 2828.43mg/kg, at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/ml by examining the general behavior, clinical signs, relative organ weight and histopathology changes. In other words, different plant extract concentrations had no effect on the diseased state of the kidney and liver. Additionally, neither the extract nor any treatment-related changes in body weight, food consumption, or hydration level occurred between the treatment and control groups. The liver and kidney underwent histopathological examination, but no morphological changes were found. The findings of this investigation demonstrated LD₅₀ ranges from 10 to 5000 mg/kg body weight, suggesting that the plant's (Vitis vinifera leaves) aqueous extract is non-toxic. The daily oral dose of Vitis vinifera aqueous extract for 28 days demonstrates that it is neither hepatotoxic nor nephrotoxic.