Relationship of Exclusive Breastfeeding with History of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) in Children in Benha University

Abstract

Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) represent a significant public health concern in young children, with potential long-term consequences for their health and well-being. Exclusive breastfeeding has been postulated to have a protective effect against ARIs, but the extent of this association requires further investigations.

Objective: This research aimed to determine whether or not exclusive breastfeeding was associated with upper and lower respiratory  tract infections during infancy. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was carried out in November and December 2022 at  Benha University Hospital. Children with acute respiratory tract infections between 1 and 24 months were included. Children with  immunocompromised states or chronic inflammatory disorders were excluded. Comprehensive medical, obstetric, maternal, familial, and  perinatal records were compiled.

Results: Of the children in the study, 58% received exclusive breastfeeding, and 48% experienced  acute respiratory infections. Those with acute respiratory infections had significantly lower exclusive breastfeeding rates (20.8%) compared to those without respiratory infections (92.3%). Univariate analysis indicated that higher gestational age and exclusive  breastfeeding were correlated with a lower risk of acute respiratory infection. In the multivariate analysis, exclusive breastfeeding was  associated with a substantial 97.6% risk reduction in acute respiratory infections.

Conclusions: The results showed a statistically  significant correlation between the occurrence of ARIs and lower gestational age. It has been shown that exclusive breastfeeding  significantly reduces the risk of developing ARIs.