Management factors associated with the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in cattle: A case study of small-scale farms of the Nyamagana District in Mwanza, Tanzania

Abstract

Gastrointestinal parasites constitute a significant threat to livestock development; causing sickness and, as a result, decreased output and  death. The traditional extensive communal grazing system practised by pastoralists increases exposure of cattle to the infective  stages of gastrointestinal parasites. Different factors, such as geographical location, management practises, and production systems,  may influence the occurrence of the parasites; thus, mitigation efforts should focus on local conditions. The aim of the study was to  determine factors associated with the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in cattle in Nyamagana district in northern Tanzania. Faecal  samples were collected from 323 cattle in the study area for laboratory analysis using simple flotation and sedimentation  methods. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information from the farmers on their production systems and management  practises. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was 36.4%. The prevalence of Fasciola was 37.5%, Strongyles was 25%,  Taenia was 20%, Paramphistomum was 12.5%, and Schistosoma was 5%. The likelihood of cattle being infested with gastrointestinal  parasites was higher in the outdoor system of cattle production compared to the indoor system (p = 0.049) and in dirty cattle enclosures  (p = 0.002). Further, the likelihood of cattle being infested with parasites was lower among native farmers compared to non-native farmers (p < 0.001), where vaccination against diseases was practised (p = 0.032), and extension services were available to the farmers (p  = 0.043). To reduce the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites, a combination of different strategies that focus on improving the immune  system of cattle and reducing exposure to infective stages of the parasites is necessary.